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Project GHB Presents: The Second International GHB & Chemical Drug Conference—Vegas—2004 September 25-27 – The Palace Station
Opening Session Steve Delgado—DEA, LA Field Office Sheriff Bill Young—Metro Vegas PD Trinka Porrata—Memorial Video (Produced by Voice of the Victims) In honor of those lost Detective Chris Bunn—Metro Vegas PD Vegas Club Drug Scene & Hot Drug Trends Sgt. Randy Sutton—Metro Vegas PD Author of “True Blue”
OPENING SESSION SPEAKERS Trinka Porrata is President of Project GHB and retired LAPD Narcotics Detective (25 years of service). She has worked as a private drug consultant since February 1999 and provides expert witness testimony and club drug training from high school to medical professionals, law enforcement professionals, etc. She operates a GHB Addiction Helpline via www.projectghb.org and has worked closely with addicts, their families and the doctors involved in their treatment as well as with loved ones who have lost someone to GHB and drug-facilitated sexual assault victims. Her personal website is www.trendydrugs.org. Stephen C. Delgado, Special Agent in Charge, Drug Enforcement Administration, Los Angeles Field Division, is a native of Dinuba, California, and has been with DEA since 1977 after seven years with the Visalia (Ca) Police Department. He has been a driving force in DEA offices in Fresno, Sacramento, San Francisco and Madrid, Spain. He served as Senior Inspector in the DC office. SAC Delgado is known for his dedication and service to law enforcement and known as a true coalition builder among local, state and federal agencies. The LA Field Division is the third largest DEA division and encompasses operations from San Luis Obispo through the Inland Empire in California plus the entire states of Nevada and Hawaii, plus Guam and Saipan. Sheriff Bill Young, Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department, is a fourth-generation native of Nevada who began his career with the LV Metro PD in 1979. After making sergeant in 1984, he served in patrol and vice/narcotics. He promoted to lieutenant in 1986, working patrol, field training and SWAT, and then to captain in 1995, overseeing the Resident Officer Program, K-9, Air Support and Search/Rescue. He became deputy chief in 1999, assigned to the Detention Services Division and then Special Operations Division. He was sworn in as Sheriff in January 2003. He has a bachelor degree from UN-LV and also graduated from the Administrative Officer’s Course, Southern Police Institute, University of Louisville and the FBI National Academy, Quantico. Chris Bunn, Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department, has worked as a law enforcement officer for 19 years and spent the last eight years as a narcotics officer with the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department. During his narcotics tenure Bunn was been able to get the state to place GHB, GBL and 1,4 Butanediol into Schedule I and was the case agent on the recovery of a clandestine laboratory that was producing tryptamines and phenethylamines in the Las Vegas Valley. He continues to instruct for the Department as well as for Desert Snow on a national level. Through opportunities with Desert Snow in November of 2003 Bunn spent two days on Capitol Hill and provided instruction to Congressmen concerning the production of methamphetamine as well as concealment of bombs, biological and chemical hazards in commercial vehicles on US roadways. Sgt. Randy Sutton, Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department, got his professional start in acting as a result of several appearances on the TV show “COPS,” a non-paying role. “COPS” is a true “reality” show when a sound man and a camera man simply jump in the patrol car and go along. When Martin Scorsese was going to film the movie “Casino,” a casting director who had notice Sutton asked him to audition for the role of a police officer, as Scorsese wanted the show to be as authentic as possible. Sutton was given a “callback” and to his surprise found himself face to face with Robert De Niro and Martin Scorsese. He read the part with De Niro and was offered the role. Though turned off by the fantasy land of most cop shows, Sutton has a special place in his heart for LAPD-turned author Joe Wambaugh. He grew up in Princeton, NJ, and started his law enforcement career there, but ended up in Vegas Metro PD. His acting ventures include a co-starring role with James Caan in the premier episode of “Vegas.” Sutton is also on the Board of Directors of “FORTE Foundation” (Foundation for Officers Recovering from Traumatic Events). The organization was founded by Dr. Bobby Smith, a Louisiana State Trooper until he was blinded by a face full of 12-gauge buckshot. Bobby lost his eyesight, job, family and almost his life but the experience gave him a different kind of vision and he has become a powerful motivational speaker. The goal is to create an in-patient treatment facility that will treat police officers and firefighters who have experienced physical and emotional traumas and been severely affected by them.
Review of
True Blue
TRACK ONE – MEDICAL, SCIENCE & ADDICTION PROFESSIONALS
Jo Ellen Dyer, PharmD, Associate Clinical Professor of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, and California Poison Control System, UCSF, has published extensively for more than a decade on GHB issues. She, along with associates, is currently involved in NIDA grant-funded research related to several aspects of GHB. She is a top expert witness for GHB cases, especially drug rape cases, and has long been an active supporter of Project GHB’s efforts to educate about GHB. GHB RESEARCH---DFSA ISSUES AND OVERVIEW OF THE FORGE STUDY A) DFSA, characteristics of prosecuted cases by Dyer and Kim. Ongoing case collection and review of specific DFSA cases with GHB documented analysis by Zvosec and Dyer. B) Overview of the FORGE Study research project methods, including demographics, focus group interviews and structured interviews. Dung Thai is a clinical fellow in the Division of Clinical Pharmacology at University of California, San Francisco. He is Board Certified in Internal Medicine and has completed graduate training in pharmacology. Under the guidance of Drs. Christine Haller and Neal Benowitz, he is currently involved in a clinical trial on the effects of alcohol on GHB pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. He is also working on analytical assays of GHB and 1,4-butanediol using GC/MS methodology. He received the Medical Resident of the Year Award in 2003. He will present data from the following three abstracts. 1--effects of GHB/Ethanol on cardiovascular parameters in Humans (Haller C, Thai D, Benowitz N. Department of Medicine and California Poison Control System, S.F. Division, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.) Background: Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its chemical analogues are significant drugs of abuse and can produce serious toxicity, particularly when used in combination with other sedative drugs. Our aim was to examine the individual and combined effects of GHB and ethanol in humans. Methods: 8 healthy adults (4 men) were given 50 mg/kg GHB (Xyrem®), 0.6 g/kg ethanol in 2 doses, or both drugs combined in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-arm crossover study. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), temperature (T), and O2 saturation were serially monitored for 24 hours after dosing. Results: Systolic and diastolic BP were significantly decreased by ethanol (max. SBP change -18 mm Hg at 2 hrs, p= 0.04), and ethanol-plus-GHB (max. DBP change -23.3 mm Hg at 2 hrs, p=0.002), but not GHB alone. HR was increased more by ethanol (max. 16.9 bpm at 75 min., p=0.04), than ethanol-plus-GHB, and unaffected by GHB alone. O2 saturation was decreased by GHB and ethanol given individually, and maximally decreased by the two drugs combined (max. -2.0% at 1¾ hrs, p=0.0003). Body temperature recorded by skin thermocouple increased in the first hour after dosing for all 3 treatments relative to placebo. Adverse events included 2 episodes of self-limited hypotension, and 4 episodes of nausea and vomiting. Four adverse events occurred with GHB-plus-ethanol, and 1 with each of the other treatments. Conclusions: In modest doses, ethanol but not GHB reduced systolic and diastolic BP. GHB attenuated the HR-accelerating effects of ethanol. GHB and ethanol had additive effects in decreasing O2 saturation, likely due to central suppression of respiratory drive. GHB-plus-ethanol was associated with more adverse events than the drugs given individually. 2--Effects of GHB/Ethanol on cognitive performance/mood in Humans. 1Haller C, 1Thai D, 2Manktelow TC, 2Wesnes K, 1Benowitz N. 1Dept. of Medicine and California Poison Control System, S.F. Division, Univ. of Calif., San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. 2Cognitive Drug Research Ltd., Goring-on-Thames, U.K. Background: Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its chemical analogues are frequently abused for their euphoric effects, often in combination with other drugs. Our aim was to examine the individual and combined effects of GHB and ethanol in humans. Methods: 8 healthy adults (4 men) were given 50 mg/kg GHB (Xyrem®), 0.6 g/kg ethanol in 2 doses, or both drugs combined in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-arm crossover study. Changes in cognitive performance were assessed by a computerized test battery (CDR®, Goring-on-Thames, UK). Mood responses were serially recorded over 6 hours using a written visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaire. Results: 2 of 8 subjects were significantly sedated on 1 or more treatments and unable to complete scheduled cognitive testing. GHB impaired specific cognitive tasks assessing speed of attention, quality of episodic memory, and speed of memory. Although decrements in speed of response were identified, the accuracy of those responses was not impaired. Additive but not synergistic effects of GHB and ethanol on cognitive impairment were identified. After GHB treatment, men had increased VAS mood scores for “drug liking”, and feeling “high” and “talkative”. Women had significantly decreased scores after GHB, and ethanol-plus-GHB for feeling “confident”, “energetic”, and “friendly”, and increased scores for a “bad drug effect.” Conclusions: Alcohol and GHB appear to have additive effects in impairing speed of response but not accuracy in tests of cognitive function. Significant gender differences were seen in mood responses, with men reporting more positive effects and women more negative effects of GHB, alone and in combination with ethanol. 3--EFFECTS OF ETHANOL ON GHB PLASMA PHARMACOKINETICS IN HUMANS (Thai D, Haller C, Jacob III P, Benowitz N. Univ. of Calif., San Francisco, Dept. of Medicine and California Poison Control System, S.F. Division, San Francisco, CA, USA) Objective: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and ethanol are often co-ingested in settings of drug-facilitated rape and recreational abuse. Little is known about the effects of ethanol on GHB plasma kinetics. Our objective was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic interactions of ethanol and GHB. Method: GHB plasma pharmacokinetic evaluation was conducted as part of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-arm crossover study in 8 healthy human volunteers (4 men). Subjects ingested 50 mg/kg GHB (XyremÒ), 0.6 g/kg ethanol in 2 doses, or both drugs combined. Serial plasma GHB samples were obtained over a 24-hour period. Primary outcomes were area under the curve (AUC) from 0-24 hours, elimination half-life (t ½) and maximum drug concentration (Cmax). Data were analyzed using a paired two-tailed t test. Results: A new gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) method was developed to quantitate GHB in human plasma. Ethanol co-administration increased the AUC and decreased the t ½ of GHB (see Table). The Cmax of GHB was also increased in the presence of ethanol, although the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The alteration of GHB AUC and clearance by ethanol may be the result of both increased bioavailability and diminished elimination of GHB. These results may help in part to explain the additive effect of GHB and ethanol on cognitive impairment in humans.
Karen Miotto, MD, Associate Clinical Professor, UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute, has been researching GHB for several years and has worked closely with Project GHB’s Addiction Helpline since its inception. She will introduce the video presentation by Dr. Wallace Winters, who researched GHB in the early 60s and will be a participant in the session on GHB addiction issues. Dr. Miotto has dealt with a number of GHB addiction/withdrawal cases and is currently involved in grant funded GHB addiction research. GHB ADDICTION Dr. Miotto will discuss inpatient treatment of GHB addiction/withdrawal, protracted withdrawal and depression seen with GHB and other substance use post withdrawal. She is also introducing the Dr. Wallace Winters interview tape. Dr. Wallace Winters, consultant and retired neuropharmacology research scientist, will not be physically present at the conference due to recent surgery but will be represented in a video interview with Dr. Karen Miotto. In the early 1960s, Dr. Winters was working as a neuropharmacology research scientist at the UCLA Brain Research Institute, studying the neurophysiological correlates of wakefulness and sleep and then studying the action of anesthetic agents on the brain. GHB was added to the study with the assumption that it was a central nervous system (CNS) depressant. But, to his surprise, GHB caused unique symptoms more in line with PCP and ketamine than with a true CNS depressant. It was classified as a CNS excitant and used as a model for studying other CNS excitants. His historical view of GHB research and cat research data is fascinating. In the early 60s, Dr. Winters predicted that GHB would be a horrific drug of abuse; his only surprise is that it took so long to surface. This is a unique educational opportunity. He later worked for the Food & Drug Administration as the Pacific Medical Officer and has retired to private consulting, including drug-facilitated sexual assault cases and other GHB-related cases. GHB RESEARCH: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Dr. Winters work with GHB in the 1960s will be featured along with data regarding his cat research on GHB and ketamine. Professor David O. Harris received his Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry in 1965 from the Berkeley Campus of the University of California, and joined the faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry of UCSB the same year. His research interests include the determination of the structures of small molecules using various spectroscopic techniques. He has published more than 50 articles in refereed journals. Co-presenters Parsons and Bravo. Professor Stanley M. Parsons received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry in 1970 from the California Institute of Technology, and did post-doctoral research at the Berkeley Campus of the University of California. In 1972 he joined the faculty of the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of UCSB. Currently he is Professor of Biochemistry. In addition he is an active member of the Program in Biomolecular Science and Engineering, and the Neuroscience Research Institute. He has published more than 100 articles in refereed journals. Dawn T. Bravo, graduate student at University of California, Santa Barbara, will be presenting with Drs. Parsons and Harris. INEXPENSIVE, SENSITIVE, RAPID AND SELECTIVE DETECTION OF GHB Researchers at the University of California have invented a rapid, selective, sensitive and inexpensive enzyme-based colorimetric assay for GHB that will provide means by which:
The assay can be adapted to a simple dipstick for the qualitative determination of the presence of GHB, or to the quantitative measurement of GHB levels employing spectrophotometic techniques. In just a few minutes, this assay will indicate the presence of GHB in various fluids, so it is well suited for use by untrained persons. Thus, this invention might be used by potential victims of drug rape to test their drinks, by medical personnel to diagnose patients who might have been drugged, and by law enforcement and criminalists to rapidly determine whether or not GHB is involved in a particular case. Dr. Kestutis Bendinskas and Danielle Gilbert, Department of Chemistry, SUNY Oswego, Oswego NY. Dr. Bendinskas holds a degree of Engineer of Chemical Technology with orientation in Environmental Science from the Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow, Russia (1991). He completed his Ph.D. in Photochemical Sciences at Bowling Green State University in Ohio in 1996. His dissertation research, under Dr. W. Robert Midden, was on “Directing Photosensitizers to Key Viral Targets using Combinatorially Selected Oligonucleotides.” After his Ph.D., he joined Dr. Larry Grossman’s laboratory for postdoctoral studies at Johns Hopkins University, in the Department of Biochemistry of the School of Hygiene and Public Health. His work in Dr. Grossman’s laboratory included the preparation of plasmids containing photocrosslinking agents to help detect the movement of a DNA repair system along the substrates. From 1997 to 2001, he was Director of the Biochemistry and Bio-organic Chemistry laboratories in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana. He was appointed Assistant Professor of chemistry from 2001 to 2003 in the Department of Physical Sciences at Kutztown University. Since summer 2003, he is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry at SUNY Oswego. His research interests are in the areas of practical applications of biochemical reactions and the study of interactions between DNA and single-wall carbon nanotubes. The biochemical detection of GHB in common drinks and biological fluids Although tests have been developed for the detection of the rape drug gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in beverages or bodily fluids, they use expensive instrumentation (GC-MS) and are not available to the general public, or they are not very specific ("Drink Safe" technology®, UCSB assay). Dr. Bendinskas has developed an assay that would specifically detect GHB, after enzymatic oxidation, by a simple color change of a test solution. Studies comparing six detection methods that yield a color change in the reaction mixture upon addition of the reducing agent, NADH, will be presented. The most sensitive method involved a number of cyclic oxidation- reduction reactions. The human brain succinic acid semialdehyde reductase (SSR) was purified. Studies of its stability and the effect of interfering substances present in common beverages on the biochemical reaction were conducted. The chemical assay was successfully coupled with the SSR reaction resulting in a two-step specific GHB detection method. K. Michael Gibson, Professor of Molecular and Medical Genetics at Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, has studied the rare inborn error of human metabolism known as succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency for almost 25 years. This disease is particularly pertinent to Project GHB in that patients accumulate significant amounts of GHB in physiological fluids and tissues, in response to their inherited genetic defect. Dr. Gibson continues to study this disorder both clinically and in the lab today. He has developed a murine knockout model of the disease, which also accumulates significant GHB quantities, and he has been involved in the study of mammalian mechanisms by which GHB is metabolized in order to understand pathology in human SSADH deficiency, as well as to identify biomarkers pertinent to the ingestion of GHB. METABOLISM STUDIES OF GHB, GBL AND BD Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), an endogenous derivative of GABA, is employed therapeutically to treat cataplexy, consumed as an illicit drug of abuse, used as an adjunct to facilitate acquaintance sexual assault, and is the biochemical hallmark of heritable succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency. Little is known about the metabolism of GHB, and elucidation of metabolic sequences and end products could provide treatment strategies for SSADH-deficient patients, and facilitate the detection of GHB consumption in the forensic laboratory. The hypothesis that GHB is metabolized to D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) and 4,5-dihydroxyhexanoic acid (DHHA) using SSADH-deficient mice, rats and primates as investigational subjects was tested. Xiuhai Ren is a staff researcher at the University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine. Ren researches drugs of abuse, including opiods, phencyclidine (PCP), amphetamine and gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) by using cultured cell lines, animal models or brain slices; behavioral studies on drug effects, including development of tolerance, dependence and withdrawal and rewarding properties (conditioned place preference); cellular and molecular analyses on the cellular signaling transductions by various methods. Current investigations focus on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the action of GHB and other drugs of abuse, including the analysis of protein phosphorylations and regulations, physiological and behavioral changes induced by exogenous administration of GHB and/or ethanol. EXOGENOUSLY ADMINISTERED GHB SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTS CREB ACTIVATION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF BRAIN Xiuhai Ren and Istvan Mody, Departments of Neurology and Physiology, the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles. The abuse of gamma hydroxybutyrate has been associated with severe side effects and even death. But little is known about the mechanisms of action of exogenously administered GHB in the brain. By using mouse as a model system, we have previously shown that acute GHB administration significantly inhibits mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation in the brain. Here we further examined the effects of acute and chronic GHB administrations in vivo on the activation (phosphorylation) of the critical nuclear transcription factor cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus. We found that an acute administration of GHB remarkably increased the phosphorylation of CREB in the hippocampus. A significant activation of CREB was still observed after 120 minutes following AGHB injection, indicating a long-lasting effect of GHB on the intracellular signaling. The effect of GHB on CREB phosphorylation was mediated by GABAb receptors, since it could be prevented by pretreatment with the specific GABAb receptor antagonist CGP56999A. In contrast to the effect of acute GHB, the increased activation of CREB was not observed in the hippocampi of mice subjected to repeated GHB treatment, suggesting a GHB-induced desensitization of the signaling pathway underlying CREB activation. These findings have provided new insights into the intracellular mechanisms underlying the various effects of GHB on the central nervous system. This work was supported by NIH grant DA14947 to I.M. GHB ADDICTION PANEL MEMBER Deborah Zvosec is based at the Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation and the Department of Emergency Medicine, at Hennepin County Medical Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She has conducted research on GHB since 1998, on topics including GHB/analog overdose, GHB addiction and withdrawal, GHB-facilitated sexual assault, and GHB-intoxicated driving. She has been listed as a contact on the Project GHB Addiction Board website since 1999, through which she worked with addicts, their family members and physicians from across the U.S. and abroad. Dr. Zvosec has been involved in education about GHB-related health risks regionally and nationally, conducting seminars and workshops for physicians, nurses, emergency medical personnel, first responders, law enforcement, drug treatment counselors, and educators. She has testified as an expert witness on the clinical effects of GHB and its analogs. She is currently conducting research on GHB addiction and withdrawal, GHB-facilitated sexual assault, and GHB-related fatalities. 1--GHB Addiction: Introduction/Findings from GHB Addiction Research Project This class will provide a brief general introduction to GHB addiction and withdrawal, with discussion of early promotion of GHB and its analogs as party drugs and as “supplement” products. This will be followed by presentation of preliminary findings of the GHB Addiction Research Project, to share insights and experiences gathered from approximately 50 GHB addicts in the US and abroad. The vast majority of project participants struggled with GHB addiction during a time when little was known about it among clinicians, treatment counselors, or the general public. Their experiences will be presented, with discussion of successes and failures, frustrations and suggestions for education and treatment. Topics will include:
The GHB Addiction Research Project will continue data collection through December 2004. We are trying to get as many participants into the project before data collection shuts down. If you know of any potential participants or places for recruitment of participants, please contact us at: dzvosec@mmrf.org 2--Lethality of GHB: Discussion and presentation of preliminary findings of the GHB-Related Fatality Study Many Internet sites portray GHB as a “sleep it off” drug and many users believe that GHB is not dangerous (or lethal) as long as it is used alone, without other drugs or alcohol. We will present preliminary data from our ongoing GHB-Related Fatalities Study, to show that GHB can be lethal with or without co-intoxicants. We will present data on GHB-related deaths across the US, including information on age, sex, state, and presence or absence of co-intoxicants. We will discuss cause and mechanisms of GHB-related deaths, including deaths directly due to GHB intoxication and respiratory arrest, as well as deaths resulting from aspiration, asphyxiation, drowning, falls, and Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA’s) resulting from GHB intoxication. We will also discuss issues related to GHB detection, endogenous and post mortem GHB levels, and other factors related to GHB lethality such as dose/response threshold, and use of GHB in suicides and homicides. NOTE: Please help us collect additional cases to include in this study. If you know of someone who has died, or know someone who might be able to provide information, please put them in touch with us at: dzvosec@mmrf.org Janice Stalcup, B.S.N., Dr. P.H., President, New Leaf Treatment Center, Lafayette, California. Janice Stalcup has extensive experience in both academic and practical nursing, and holds a doctorate in Public Health Research. She serves as President of the New Leaf Treatment Center, Lafayette, CA. Her husband, Dr. Alex Stalcup will not be attending the conference but both have worked tirelessly for Project GHB in answering questions for GHB addicts in particular, plus family members, and in treating patients re GHB. Dr. Alex Stalcup also serves as a lecturer and consultant for drug treatment and chemical dependency issues to both public and private agencies in California and nationally. GHB ADDICTION PANEL MEMBER Sexual orientation and GHB use/addiction, outpatient treatment and model treatment programs will be addressed. Laureen Marinetti, Montgomery County Coroner’s Office and Miami Valley Regional Crime Laboratory in Dayton, Ohio, is the researcher and presenter most versed on the effects of the third GHB analog, gamma valerolactone (GVL), now being marketed as Tranquili G, 4Sleep, Liquid Relaxation, etc. She authored the chapter on GHB and its analogs in Benzodiazepines and GHB: Detection and Pharmacology, editor, Salamone, Humana Press. She has published and presented extensively on issues including GHB and its analogs, MDMA/MDA, PMMA/PMA and ketamine. As Chief Forensic Toxicologist, she oversees daily operations of an ASCLD-accredited analytical toxicology lab that performs analysis in both postmortem and human performance cases. She provides consultation and interpretation of forensic toxicology to forensic pathologists, police agencies, forensic nurses, prosecutors and defense attorneys and also provides court testimony as needed. She performs research and development to improve or advance the field of forensic toxicology. Her dissertation for her PhD is on the behavioral pharmacology of gamma valerolactone in the rat as compared to the drugs gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), gamma butyrolactone (GBL), 1,4 butanediol (BD) and baclofen. Stephen Smith is an Emergency Physician in the Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, in Minneapolis, MN. He has conducted research on GHB since 1998, when overdoses due to GHB analog “supplements” began to appear in his Emergency Department. He works with Dr. Zvosec to conduct research on GHB/analog overdose, GHB addiction and withdrawal, GHB-facilitated sexual assault, and GHB-intoxicated driving. He has been listed as a contact on the Project GHB Addiction Board website since 1999 and has consulted in the treatment of GHB-addicted patients across the U.S. and abroad. Dr. Smith has taught seminars on GHB-related health risks regionally and nationally, for clinicians, law enforcement, drug treatment counselors, and educators. He has testified as an expert witness on the clinical effects of GHB and its analogs. He is currently conducting research on GHB addiction and withdrawal, GHB-facilitated sexual assault, and GHB-related fatalities. GHB in the ER: What to look for and what to do Dr. Smith will discuss the range of GHB-related health risks that bring people to the Emergency Room, including overdose, withdrawal, GHB-facilitated sexual assault and robbery, GHB-intoxicated driving, and trauma resulting from GHB intoxication. He will present findings from a case series of 65 GHB overdoses, and discuss how to recognize GHB intoxication and withdrawal in the field and in the ER and what to do for treatment. Dr. Smith will also discuss controversy over the use of physostigmine as an antidote to GHB intoxication and present data from a case series that demonstrated adverse effects as well as inefficacy of physostigmine for reversal of GHB-induced coma. Robert Forrest is a professor of Forensic Toxicology, Department of Forensic Pathology, Medico-legal Centre, at the University of Sheffield. He is also an Honorary Consultant in Clinical Chemistry &Toxicology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital; Assistant Deputy Coroner, South Yorkshire (West); and a consultant to the National Crime and Operations Faculty. His research interests include--Within medicine, the methodology of the investigation of fatal drug overdoses; within law, issues relating to the medico-legal investigation of sudden, unexpected, death, the ownership of body fluids and scientific evidence; the investigation of health care workers who deliberately kill their patients; and crimes involving witchcraft and religious ritual, drug and alcohol impaired driving. Forensic Toxicology, Club Drugs in Uk and the Use/Misuse of Expert Witnesses A R W Forrest, LLM, MB, ChB, FRCP (L&E), FRCPath, CChem, RFP. Usually, in terms of drug misuse, where the US leads, the UK follows. With club drugs there is a horrible sameness, but the UK may be ahead of the US in some respects. When Alexander Shulgin and his colleagues were experimenting with the effects of MDMA as a drug capable of producing effects that might lead to insights into the nature of existence and ones relationship with nature, the universe and ones creator, the youth of Britain was discovering that it was a drug that made you feel good and could facilitate having an awfully good time whilst intoxicated. If a few people died rather unpleasantly as a result of using the drug, so what? No one thinks it’s going to happen to him or her. Fuelled with MDMA from Holland and, more recently, Eastern Europe, the British Club scene staggers on. There are some differences; amphetamine is common, meth is rarely encountered. The latest development is the importing of fresh magic mushrooms from Europe. The drugs encountered in Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault are very similar to those found in the US. On many occasions, the victim may take the drug consensually, but spiking of drinks does occur. Expert Witnesses in the UK whilst called by one side or the other, have an over riding duty to the Court and not to those who instructed them. Experts often get involved at an early stage even before the decision to charge has been taken. This early involvement of the expert gives counsel the opportunity to develop strategy for the most effective (and just) presentation of the scientific evidence and the opinion evidence that flows from it, and minimizes the chance of a surprise emerging during cross-examination. The common defense is consent. Issues about being reckless as to the complainant’s ability to give proper consent if she (usually she) was intoxicated can arise, but the trial often degenerates into a contest to determine who the jury will believe. In such circumstances a dispassionate account from an expert as to the nature of the drugs used in DFSA and their potential effect, even in the absence of any positive toxicology, can, if admitted, be invaluable. Teodoro Bottiglieri is a senior scientist at Baylor University, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Dallas, Texas. He obtained his Ph.D. and prior degrees at the University of London, Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and has been at Baylor University since 1991. He has published extensively and presented at international meetings on a wide variety of topics. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and dopamine agonists antagonize the effect of Gamma-hydroxybutrate (GHB) on locomotor activity in the rat Anderson D 1, Bottiglieri T 1* Baylor Institute of Metabolic Disease, Dallas, Texas Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), an endogenous metabolite in the mammalian central nervous system, has been shown to inhibit locomotor activity in the rat. This effect may be mediated through a decrease in dopamine impulse flow. In previous studies we have shown that GHB injected rats have a marked decrease in striatal 3-methoxytyramine levels, an indicator of the amount of dopamine released into the synaptic terminal. Since monoamine oxidase inhibitors can effectively increase the amount of dopamine in the extracellular space at the dopaminegic terminal we investigated the effect of giving pargyline and deprenyl both before and after GHB on locomotor activity in the rat. Locomotor activity (total movement episodes and vertical plane entries) was monitored using the Tru-Scan activity monitoring system over a 30-minute period. Our studies showed that a single i.p. injection of GHB (500 mg/kg) is associated with impaired locomotor activity after 10 minutes post administration. When pargyline (100 mg/kg) was administered either 5 minutes before or after GHB we observed significant antagonism (p<0.05), for total number of movements and distance moved. Deprenyl (10 mg/kg) when given 5 minutes before GHB antagonized the loss of locomotor function, but not when given after 5 minutes after GHB. Both pargyline and deprenyl given alone did not affect locomotor activity. We also investigated the effect of the specific D3 dopamine receptor agonist, R(+)-2-Dipropylamino-7-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene hydrobromide (DPAT). DPAT (10mg/kg) administered 5 minutes after GHB also antagonized the GHB induced loss of locomotor function. These results support the notion that GHB affects locomotor activity by decreasing dopamine release. Furthermore monoamine oxidase inhibitors such as pargyline, that increase synaptic dopamine concentration, and drugs that act at dopamine receptor sites can block the effect that GHB has on locomotor activity. Clinical trials should investigate that effect of MAO inhibitors and other dopamine agonists as a rescue therapy for GHB intoxication.
Dr. Ilene B. Anderson is an
Associate Clinical Professor at the University of California San
Francisco (UCSF) School of Teenage (DXM) Abuse: A Growing National Problem Dextromethorphan is a commonly used cough suppressant available without a prescription in many over-the-counter cold preparations. In high doses, DXM may cause dissociative hallucinations, cardiovascular effects and seizures. This session will focus on the reasons for the rising incidence of DXM abuse in teenagers, the clinical symptoms, the mechanism of action and similarities to phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine. Case studies will be used to illustrate key prevention, triage and management strategies. Joseph A. Banken, Ph.D. Syed Ali, Ph.D. and Tim Maher Ph.D. Joe Banken is an Assistant Professor, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, in Little Rock. Syed Ali is Senior Biomedical Research Scientist Head, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Professor of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Neurology and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA in Jefferson, Arkansas. Both have been involved with club drug research and are the leaders of Project GHB Team Arkansas. They have spread the word about GHB, Ecstasy, etc., to teachers, law enforcement and other professionals in Arkansas and beyond. Timothy J. Maher, who is the Sawyer Professor Pharmaceutical Sciences and a Professor of Pharmacology in Boston heads the “team” and is currently involved in the education of healthcare professional regarding recreational and “club” drugs. He also continues to perform basic research into the neurochemical, behavioral and toxicological aspects of these agents with a goal of better understanding of their pharmacology, drug interactions, abuse potential and potential antidotes. He leads Project GHB Team Massachusetts. 1--GHB and Psychostimulant Abuse The so-called “club and recreational drugs” have gained increased popularity among youth. Use patterns of these drugs may be trending toward use in more private settings with increased use of GHB, GHB analogs such as GBL, GVL, 1,4 - BD, and Psychostimulants such as Methamphetamine and MDMA (Ecstasy). Many professionals have had little formal training in recognizing some of these drugs, their patterns of use, or the psychological and behavioral consequences of using these drugs. This presentation is designed to inform participants of GHB and Psychostimulants, common psychological and physical effects of these drugs, and some of the inferred neurochemistry and neurobiology involved in the actions of these drugs. 2--Project GHB: In Arkansas and Massachusetts Both Arkansas and Massachusetts have started Project GHB participation in the past year. This poster highlights activities of these efforts. Gwendolyn DeRupo, Rider University, is involved in New Jersey training programs focusing on the trends and toxicology related to club drug and athletic supplements for college police, administrators, substance abuse counselors, sexual assault counselors and medical personnel. She has been active with Project GHB Team New Jersey since 2002 and works in conjunction with Dr. Christopher D’Amanda of Philadelphia to assist GHB addicts in finding appropriate addiction treatment in the northeast. ABSINTHE AND ITS RE-EMERGENCE IN AMERICA. Absinthe was banned in 1915 in the United Stated due to the neurotoxicity of its active component, thujone, derived from wormwood and chemically similar to the active compound in marijuana, THC. This once popular liquor favored by artists, writers and poets is reemerging as both a beverage and medicinal herbal preparation. Although the beverage form is reformulated to have minimal levels of thujone, more potent forms are available through foreign Internet sales and homemade formulations raising concerns about its addictive nature and potential to can cause seizures and psychosis.
TRACK TWO – LAW ENFORCEMENT AND PROSECUTION RESOURCES Joanne Archambault is the President and Training Director of Sexual Assault Training Institute, Inc. SATI provides effective, victim centered, multi-disciplinary training and expert consultation regarding crimes of sexual assault. In January 2003, Ms. Archambault founded EVAW International, a non-profit organization dedicated to providing affordable training for all disciplines with an emphasis on the law enforcement investigation and proper criminal justice responses to sexual assault and domestic violence. Prior to full time consulting, Ms. Archambault worked for the San Diego Police Department for almost 23 years, retiring in October 2002. During the last ten years of her service, Sergeant Archambault supervised the Sex Crimes Unit, a unit responsible for investigating approximately 1,000 felony sexual assaults within the City of San Diego each year. During her tenure as supervisor, she co-authored the San Diego County Sexual Assault Response Team (SART) Resource Pamphlet. In 1999, Sergeant Archambault worked with the National Center for Women & Policing to develop the first national sexual assault training curriculum for law enforcement. To enhance this work, in 2001 she produced a series of training videos entitled, Sexual Assault Training and Investigations: The Preliminary Response. Sergeant Archambault has worked on numerous national advisory boards and has written and co-authored articles and chapters on subjects relating to the criminal justice response to sexual assault crimes. They address topics such as: the role of law enforcement, the forensic examination, the impact of DNA and overcoming a consent defense. Sergeant Archambault currently lives with her husband and young daughter in Washington State where they have a Christmas tree farm. Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault: Tough Cases Cases of reported drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) are on the rise in the United States and throughout the world. There are many challenges that face the investigators of DFSA. These challenges include: 1) Being aware of the many drugs used to commit DFSA and their effects on victims of sexual assault; 2) Understanding and acknowledging the complexities of reporting and investigating this type of crime; 3) Interviewing skills; and 3) Properly collecting and analyzing the forensic evidence. This presentation will discuss these challenges in detail and provide suggestions to overcome some of these challenges. After completing the course, the student will be able to: Identify the drug most commonly used to facilitate sexual assault; recognize that the effects of alcohol can be similar to the new drugs being used to facilitate sexual assault; identify the challenges in investigating drug facilitated sexual assault; recognize skills needed to interview victims of drug facilitated sexual assault; identify the most recent drugs being used to facilitate sexual assault and how to identify them; recognize the indicators of drug facilitated sexual assault; understand the scope of the evidence collection process and current limitations of toxicology testing; identify evidence that should be collected in a drug facilitated sexual assault. Sergeant Bruce R. Talbot retired as a 26-year veteran police officer June 2002. He is a graduate of the Northwestern University School of Police Staff and Command in Evanston, Illinois. For the past fifteen years, Sergeant Talbot has taught drug and alcohol related classes for the prestigious Northwestern University Traffic Institute. He is the lead drug/alcohol instructor for metro-Chicago police officers at Northeast Multi-Regional Training and was a charter instructor for the College of DuPage Suburban Police Academy. He has testified as an expert witness before two United States Senate committees. He has written several police training text books including “Drugged Driver Detection for Patrol Officers” and “Designer Club Drugs: Recognition for First Responders.” Co-presenter is Marilyn Grifoni Belmonte is currently the Co-Chairperson of the Burlington Drug and Alcohol Task Force in Burlington, Massachusetts leading a coalition of volunteers including local police, fire/EMS, school staff, town selectmen, public health officers, religious leaders, business people and parents. She has led the task force program to raise the community awareness as to the dangers of designer drug analogs and their role in drug facilitated sexual assaults. Ms. Belmonte has attended advanced seminars at the Massachusetts State Police Academy on designer drugs and was awarded a certificate as an instructor. Designer Drugs in the Heartland: PMA, Cat, Nexus and Flat Liners— Recognition and Community ResponseDuPage County, Illinois (metro-Chicago) suffered the first PMA overdose deaths in America. Research found a hotspot for these new designer drugs in a club named Zero Gravity. This two-part seminar will present the results of this research including patient profiles, recognition of drug encountered including PMA, Cat, Nexus, Flat Liners, and GABA enhancing drugs including their role in sexual assaults. The second session will highlight the experience of two communities, Woodridge, Illinois (Chicago area) and Burlington, Massachusetts (Boston area) to form community coalitions to address these new drugs. Research from Woodridge, Illinois found lack of training among first responders and a lack of chemical testing at hospitals and police crime labs on new designer drugs. Training and development of strong community partnerships (as was done in Woodridge and Burlington) to address these new designer drugs can reduce adolescent designer drug hospitalizations and sexual assaults. Tony Wold, Deputy District Attorney, Ventura District Attorney’s Office, Ventura, California, obtained his Juris Doctorate from Southwestern University School of Law. He is a part of the team of prosecutors and detectives who successfully prosecuted the high-profile sexual assault trial of Andrew Luster, who is now serving more than 100 years for drug-facilitated sexual assault using GHB. THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA V. ANDREW STUART LUSTER It was one of the most media-covered trials of its time when Andrew Luster, aka an heir to the Max Factor fortune, was successfully prosecuted and sentenced to 124 years in prison for the GHB rapes of three victims. This case is exemplary in its use of pretext phone calls, search warrants, analysis of video tape evidence and expert witness testimony. Realizing that the evidence was weighing heavily against him, Andrew Luster fled during his trial and was convicted in absentia. He was found hiding in Mexico using an alias by Duane “The Dog” Chapman, bounty hunter, whose escapades have now spawned a television show about “The Dog.” Scott A. Albrecht, Special Agent, Drug Enforcement Administration, Miami Field Division, Tampa District Office, is a Criminal Justice of Florida State University, Tallahassee. He has been a Special Agent since 1997 after serving as a Deputy U.S. Marshal in Wisconsin between 1991 and 1997. Albrecht has been the case agent or directly involved in more than 50 GHB-related investigations to include conspiracy, simple possession, overdose death and drug facilitated sex assault investigations. He has presented GHB related instruction to numerous agencies and participated in the production of a MCTFT video relating to GHB. He has received the DEA Administrator’s Award, DEA cash awards and International Narcotics Officers Associations Award relating to GHB investigations. He also participated in the recalculation process of the federal sentencing guidelines with DEA staff coordinators and DOJ attorneys resulting in the U.S. Sentencing Commission restructuring the federal sentencing guidelines related to GHB offenses. Marc LeBeau, Unit Chief/Supervisory Chemist, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, Washington, D.C., has been with the FBI since October 1994. He is well-versed on the subject of GHB and drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) and with co-editor Ashraf Mozayani orchestrated the book, “Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault: A Forensic Handbook,” which is the bible of DFSA investigation. The book covers all aspects of DFSA investigation, the variety of drugs of assault, testing issues, etc., utilizing a variety of top experts in the field. EVIDENCE COLLECTION IN DFSA CASES: CLINICAL & FORENSIC ISSUES What is a DFSA and what drugs are used? LeBeau tackles this issue and the challenges surrounding the reporting and investigation of these crimes. The session will also cover the drugs used, their special testing issues, specimen collection and storage, and related evidence. Glen Stanley, Deputy, Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department, is a 19-year veteran and holds a California POST Master’s Instructor Certificate. He is nationally known for his presentations on rave and club drug and drug-facilitated sexual assault issues. He is currently assigned to field narcotics for LASD. He is a Drug Recognition Expert Instructor. Stanley has attended numerous raves and interviewed many users in the club drug scene. RAVE AND CLUB DRUG AWARENESS This presentation will provide a solid overview of the rave and club drug cultures, including the history of the rave scene, raver profile, event profile, the typical drugs and associated paraphernalia (like those not-so-cute pacifiers in their mouths) and the effects and dangers of the drugs. Attendees will also learn how to find out about the rave scene in their home communities and education and awareness for parents, teachers, counselors and law enforcement working together. It will also cover dealing with the media and a glimpse into the future scene. Bob Coleman, Drug Enforcement Administration, Chicago District Office, will discuss the investigation and prosecution of a major GHB case in Chicago involving sales of GHB products through a Max Muscle outlet. This case started with two overdoses in a local bar and led to recruiting an informant to make controlled buys, leading up to the arrest of two defendants and the discovery of their GHB sales websites. Hundreds of customers were identified in their sales records that indicated the defendant had purchased over 1,000 gallons of GHB/GBL. Ironically, only one of the defendants went to trial. The other defendant, after going through detox and rehab for GHB addiction died of a GHB overdose in April of 2002, the same day he was discharged from rehab--a fact they were not allowed to disclose to the jury. In fact, another person had died from product purchased from them and this case was also not allowed to be discussed before the jury. Marcelline Burns, Ph.D., research psychologist, and her associates incorporated the Southern California Research Institute (SCRI) where they have engaged in alcohol and drug research for almost 30 years. The Standardized Field Sobriety Tests (SFSTs) were developed in SCRI's laboratory between 1975-1981 under her direction. During the past decade she has studied field use of SFSTs by traffic officers. Dr. Burns consulted with Los Angeles Police Department during development of the Drug Recognition Expert methodology and has studied various aspects of the program in several research projects. She trains criminal justice professionals and serves as expert witness. Her PhD in Psychology is from UC Irvine. MDMA and GHB-Influenced Drivers: What Can We Learn from Arrest Reports? Dr. Burns has reviewed 35 cases of drivers who had admitted using MDMA and/or provided specimens in which the drugs were found. She also reviewed GHB DUI cases, though with a much smaller sample. She provides interesting insight into who is using these drugs and driving under the influence (age, sex, etc.), signs/symptoms offering clues as to the drugs involved (for officers observing their driving and impairment) and the resulting impact (arrest, traffic accident, death, etc.). These are dramatically impairing drugs yet little has been said about their driving impairment potential, especially for MDMA. Lou Reedt, Sc.D., Acting Director of the Office of Policy Analysis for the U.S. Sentencing Commission since 1998, served as a Senior Research Associate for the Commission from 1994-1998. Prior to his work at the Commission, he was Director of Survey Research and Program Evaluation with the Maryland AIDS Administration. Before that he spent four years as Director of the Kent County (Maryland) Addiction Services. Early in his career, he worked eight years for the Maryland Division of Corrections providing counseling to substance abusing inmates. He received B.A. and M.A. degrees from Washington College and a Doctor of Science degree from the Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health Federal Drug Sentencing for Trafficking GHB Federal criminal penalties are based on structured guidelines created to facilitate certainty and uniformity of sentencing and to ensure that similar offenses receive similar sentences regardless of where they are sentenced. Federal drug trafficking penalties are based primarily upon the amount of drugs involved in the offense. Recent legislation (the PROTECT Act, Pub. L. 108-21) directed the Commission to review and consider amending the penalties for GHB. As a result of its analysis, the Commission substantially increased penalties for GHB and its analogues. This presentation provides a brief primer on the federal sentencing guidelines, the rationale behind the drug trafficking penalties, and a review of recent penalty increases for GHB. Tom Diberardino, Ph.D., Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of Diversion Control, Drug & Chemical Evaluation Section, Washington, D.C., will discuss analogues of GHB, “List 1” chemicals, and the Federal Analogue Law as well as chemicals related to GHB and other current drug issues. Understanding the analogue issues, drug schedules and how determinations are made for drug scheduling in an important background for law enforcement. Scott Rintoul, Corporal, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Drug Awareness Service. Corporal Rintoul joined the RCPM in 1980 and has worked in Uniformed Patrol and Drug Enforcement in the cities of Richmond, Surrey, and Vancouver, British Columbia. His wide-ranging experience includes undercover operations, long-term conspiracy investigations, wiretap investigations, and preparation and executive of search warrants. He has been an expert witness for Provincial Court (British Columbia, Alberta, and Nova Scotia) and Supreme Court (British Columbia) on cocaine, heroin, ecstasy (MDMA), MDA, GHB, methamphetamine, PCP, psilocybin mushrooms, LSD, marijuana, and raves. He is the co-author of Designer Drugs and Raves, April 2000, now in its 2nd edition. ECSTASY, CHEMICAL COCKTAILS OR BOTH—WHAT MOST USERS DO NOT KNOW & THE INHERENT RISKS THEY KNOWINGLY OR UNKNOWINGLY TAKE!” This presentation will focus on the awareness and recognition of the chemical drugs of choice on our streets today. Included will be an in-depth look at the “chemical drug” scene from the user’s perspective. Laboratory results of a six-year on-going intelligence probe on the chemical drugs seized from rave parties and nightclubs throughout British Columbia, Canada, will be examined. Corporal Rintoul has personally attended in excess of one hundred rave parties and conversed with over 500 Ecstasy users during this time period. The laboratory analysis of over 1,300 samples of synthetic chemical drugs seized from drug users who were in attendance at rave parties and clubs over the past six years have confirmed that many contained MDMA or MDA in combination with one or more other drugs, including but not limited to meth, ketamine, MDE, cocaine, heroin, caffeine, ephedrine, PCP or DXM. Chemical “cocktails” are becoming the norm, not the exception. This presentation will increase your knowledge of all aspects of chemical drugs including types, use, laboratory analysis, identification and their relationship to drug-facilitated sexual assault and high-risk sexual activity. James P. Mock, a 19-year veteran with the Torrance (California) Police Department until November 1997, currently works as a teacher for law enforcement related occupations, on both a volunteer and professional basis. Jim worked street narcotics, major narcotics, and was certified as a Drug Recognition Expert in 1992. After his retirement he was certified as a DRE instructor. He currently teaches DRE, the DRE instructor course, DRE recertification classes for many States, for the California Narcotic Officers’ Association, and for various law enforcement and related agencies in the United States, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Jim has been teaching courses on the Rave and Club Culture and their drugs of abuse, for the past 5 years. He has worked undercover within the rave scene and routinely attends raves in a number of States. Jim also teaches a 4-day class for law enforcement on Drug Identification and Influence Recognition, covering all drugs of abuse and oriented toward officers working uniform field duty. Jim is one of the few law enforcement personnel that has maintained interaction with pharmaceutical companies making GHB, and as a result has observed their operations and been given access to the day to day operations of distribution and use of these products. Jim’s approach to this controversial subject has been one of skeptical observation, learning, and experience for the purpose of education. Medical GHB (Xyrem in US) Attendees of this presentation will learn which countries have approved, and are having distributed by pharmaceutical manufacturers, GHB for medical use. This information will include the what GHB is approved for, off label prescriptions, product manufacture, legal requirements, distribution systems, product identification, patient use protocol, diversion issues, and known issues related to abuse of what is intended as a medicine. The focus of this presentation will be providing facts, education, and identification for medically manufactured GHB. Issues relative to the approval of the drug are moot in this presentation. Agree or disagree, GHB is being prescribed and it is beneficial to know the products and how they may be encountered legally, or illegally.
TRACK THREE—COMMUNITY/SCHOOL PREVENTION RESOURCES (Note: Some law enforcement classes also) Special Agent Tina Sherrow, Alcohol Tobacco & Firearms, has been with the ATF for nearly 15 years, 12 of which have been in the Chicago Field Office where she is currently assigned to the Arson/Explosives Group. A graduate of Penn State University in 1989 in Administration of Justice, she is also a member of ATF’s National Response Team (NRT), an ATF Certified Explosives Specialist (CES) and serves on the Executive Board of the International Association of Bomb Technicians and Investigators (IABTI) as the Director of Region 3. She was involved in the complex investigation and prosecution of the John Veysey case involving arson, insurance fraud, attempted murder and GHB that has been featured recently on major television shows. The John Thomas Veysey Case of Arson, Fraud, Attempted Murder & GHB John Thomas Veysey devised a scheme to defraud insurance companies by successfully and sometimes unsuccessfully burning down his residence and killing his first wife and later attempting to kill his second wife, son and a fiancée. These people and properties were always insured, usually heavily, and Veysey was always the primary beneficiary. To carry out the scheme, Veysey burned down three of his residences, killed his first wife, attempted to kill his second wife and his son, and planned to kill fiancées Lori Donner and Kathleen “Callie” Hilkin. The scheme also included an attempt to total a van by crashing it into the Apple River near Galena, Illinois. As laid out during the six-week federal trial, with approximately 96 prosecution witnesses, the defendant’s scheme was motivated by money. He made more than $900,000 from his first fire and two subsequent arsons and the death of his first wife. Veysey stood to gain an additional two million dollars in insurance proceeds if his second wife and fiancées had also died according to plan. Investigation into the arson cases and the mysterious death of his first wife and the fact that the second wife (who did not die as planned in a house fire) had no recall of the fire starting lead to the discovery of a purchase of a GHB kit sold on the Internet. It is an intriguing and complex case. Louise Logue is a registered nurse specializing in working with “at-risk” youth in a variety of settings, including psychiatric institutions, secure custody facilities and police services. She is currently employed by the Ottawa Police Service where she holds the title of Coordinator of Youth Intervention and Diversion, Criminal Investigative Division. She is the recipient of the 2004 Ontario Women in Law Enforcement Award, among other awards. She stays up to date with youth issues and trends, including raves and youth gangs, by attending front-line events on a regular basis. She is the Co-Chair of the National Auto Theft and Joyriding Prevention Project, Co-Chair of the Provincial Date Rape and Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault Training Program and the Co-Chair of the National Integrated Committee for First Responders on Chemical Drugs and All Night Dance Parties. She is involved in numerous youth-serving agencies. SYNOPSIS OF MOBILIZING COMMUNITIES As a direct result of the Project GHB efforts, a Canadian-based city obtained funds and developed a strategy which brought youth, educators, health care professionals and police together in designing and implementing Drug Rape Prevention initiatives. This class will focus on how this initiative started, its effectiveness and its results. Kate Yen is Project Coordinator for Oregon Partnership, the leading drug and alcohol prevention and referral organization in Oregon. At Oregon Partnership, Ms. Yen coordinates the Club Drug Awareness Project (CDAP), an innovative drug prevention partnership with the Northwest Film Center and forty minority students from Jefferson High School who created an educational drama on how club drugs affect their lives. Ms. Yen graduated from Oregon State University with a degree in psychology and a minor in ethnic studies. A strong social justice advocate for multicultural communities and their issues, Ms. Yen is a board member for the Multnomah County Health Department’s Community Health Council as well as a past Fellow for the Asian Pacific Partners for Empowerment and Leadership (APPEAL) Program, a national tobacco prevention and advocacy program. INNOVATIVE CLUB DRUG PREVENTION STRATEGIES WITH MULTICULTURAL COMMUNITIES The Club Drug Awareness Project (CDAP) is a school-based project implementing innovative prevention tools with a significant evaluation component. Through CDAP, youth participate in an innovative filmmaking intervention to increase individual protective factors, reduce teen club drug use, raise community awareness about its dangers and strengthen community prevention infrastructure around club drug production and use. CDAP helps youth build connectivity to their school and community, raise community awareness about a variety of club drugs, specifically Ecstasy and GHB, and provide both schools and community members a vital link to Oregon Partnership’s existing advocacy programs and its bilingual prevention and treatment referral services. John Vigallon is a Certified Addiction Treatment Specialist, Executive Director of H.E.L.P. Adolescent Recovery Services, a Substance Abuse Consultant and Vice President of Project GHB. He has over 30 years of experience with the drug culture. John presents nationally on Adolescent Substance Abuse and Drugs & Gangs on Campus. He attends Raves on a regular basis to stay well versed with the latest trends and has studied the Rave Culture in depth. He is a member of the California Association of Alcohol and Drug Educators, the California State Juvenile Officers Association, The National Association of School Resource Officers and is a Court Appointed Special Advocate. He has been the recipient of such awards as the Directors Award from the California Youth Authority, Volunteer of the Year from Alameda County Probation, Very Special Person Award from the FUSD PTA Association and has been recognized by the Stanford University's Center for Research in Disease Prevention for programs he developed. John has counselors in 21 schools in California. HELP ADOLESCENT & ADULT RECOVERY SERVICES, 3301 East Lathrop Road Manteca Ca. 95336 (209) 456-0297 Elise Hagmann (California), secretary of the Project GHB Board of Directors, is the mother of Kyle Hagmann, a young man whose tragic death was ignored by a law enforcement agency. The supplier continued to sell drugs on the college campus for three more years before finally being arrested on a drug charge. This is another case where the system failed to bring about closure and justice, being left on the shelf until it was too late (by about two weeks) to prosecute for manslaughter (California has a three-year statute of limitations on manslaughter cases) though numerous other cases had been successfully prosecuted by that time. Ester DuVon is a recent college graduate who will talk about the tragic death of her long-time best friend, Genevieve Squires in San Jose, California. It started as an innocent night out and has left a life-long impact. Genevieve’s story was featured on 20/20 and in San Francisco area news features about GHB. From the Franklin County Sheriff’s Office, Sgt. Michael Powell, Detective David Hunt, Deputy Joseph Vince and Deputy Steven Tucker will present about Operation: Street Smart. Sgt. Powell is a 31-year veteran and has spent the last 25 years in the Special Investigations Unit, working narcotics, vice and stolen property investigations. He graduated from the FBI National Academy in Quantico and was a supervisor with the FBI Drug Task Force in Columbus between June 1995 and December 2001 and is a member of Narcotics Association Regional Coordinating Officers (NARCO). He has lectured extensively and is a lead instructor in basic and advanced undercover narcotics courses, which he drafted, at police academies throughout Ohio. Detective Hunt has been a deputy for 22 years, with the last 12 as an undercover detective. He attended the DEA Investigator’s School plus numerous other courses on drug trafficking. He has also been a part of the Columbus FBI Office’s Organized Crime Task Force. He is a member of INEOA and NARCO, narcotics officers associations. Deputy Vince has been with the agency for 17 years, with 11 in Drug Abuse Resistance Education. He presents the DARE curriculum to students and parents and is a Chief Medical Non-Commissioned Office for the Ohio Army National Guard. Deputy Tucker has been an officer for 12 years, with the last four in DARE. Besides instructing to DARE students, he is a School Resource Officer and an Ohio Peace Officer Training Academy instructor. Operation: Street Smart The Franklin County Sheriff’s Office created Operation Street Smart in July 2002 as a way to take community oriented policing to a new level. Street Smart is a collaborative effort between DARE and the Special Investigations Unit (SIU), Sheriff’s Office undercover narcotics branch. Through the Franklin County Commissioner’s Office, a Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grant was obtained to fund this unique endeavor that is believed to be the first of its kind in the United States. To date, Operation: Street Smart has been presented nearly 150 times to over 5,000 people. The goal of Street Smart is to provide current and up-to-date narcotics information on trends, terminology, paraphernalia, and physiological effects to those individuals who deal with today’s youth on a daily basis. The target audience for Street Smart includes DARE and school resource officers, juvenile detectives, school administrators and school board members, teachers, and parents. Other groups and organizations that deal with juveniles are also eligible to receive this free program. Past attendees have also included physicians, school nurses, juvenile prosecutors, juvenile probation officers, and children services employees. The current undercover detectives, who possess over thirty years of combined narcotics experience, conduct the Street Smart presentation. This four-hour program includes actual examples of current designer street drugs such as XTC, AMT, 5-Meo-DMT, LSD, GHB, Ketamine, and Khat. DARE officers escort the examples throughout the audience for hands on effect. Current drug paraphernalia examples are available to depict the ease in camouflaging drug use from adults. A strong emphasis is placed on the physiological effects of the drugs and indicators to look for. So-called “traditional” drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, crack, heroin, and methamphetamine are also covered extensively as teenagers still heavily abuse these drugs. A portion of the program also deals with prescription medications due to the easy accessibility in most households. David Rigsby (Kentucky) is the newest member of the Project GHB Board of Directors. GHB was the weapon of choice in a domestic violence case, resulting in the death of Mr. Rigsby’s daughter, Catherine, staged to appear as suicide. This case gone wrong was featured in Tampa Tribune special investigation: Who Killed Catherine? It took a tremendous effort on the part of Catherine’s family to prove that she did not commit suicide but died at the hands of another, her husband. Christine Ward, Womanspace, Inc., Coordinator, Domestic Violence Victim Response Teams, and Jessica Heskin, Educator, Violence and Sexual Assault Support Services, will present the Watch Your Drink – Watch Your Friends program. Ward manages five DVVRT teams countywide and trains law enforcement on DV and SA issues. Heskin conducts classes on SA, DV and hate crimes for campus and community groups and provides legal advocacy for SA and DV victims. WATCH YOUR DRINK – WATCH YOUR FRIENDS Watch Your Drink – Watch Your Friends is an educational program providing information about the dangers of predatory drugs to high school and college students. In 2001, The Crime Victims Foundation formed a collaboration with the Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Center in Yolo County and the Women’s Resource Center at California State University, Sacramento, to promote this campaign. A pilot program was launched in Sacrament and Yolo County focusing specifically on bars that young people frequent. Bathroom stickers designed with information about predatory drugs were placed in every dormitory bathroom on the campus at the CSU Sacramento. The stickers also provided information on where to turn for help if you believe you, or a friend, may have been drugged and/or sexually assaulted. Students have been asking for more information ever since. Drink coasters printed with information about predatory drugs were distributed to about 20 bars throughout Yolo and Sacramento counties. Within a month’s time, the participating bars were calling with requests for more. As hoped, the patrons were taking the coasters with them when they left the establishment. This program is designed to inform students about the dangerous of drugs that are used in the course of rape, commonly referred to as “date rape drugs,” but more appropriately referred to as predatory drugs. Heather Monday, Volunteer Coordinator/Community Educator, from the 21st Judicial District Attorney’s Office, Rape Crisis Program, in Louisiana, provides 24-hour hospital escorts to sexual assault victims, accompanies victims of violent crimes to grand jury and other court appearances, does crisis intervention with victims and provides information about the criminal justice system to victims of crime. She has been a certified Crisis Counselor for seven years and has served with the DA’s office for seven years. She received the “Annie Award” for Outstanding Woman in Government from the Hammond, La., Chamber of Commerce in 2003 and has received other awards. She is a member of the Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner statewide committee and several other organizations. She has presented widely on advocacy issues and has been interviewed by the media. WHAT TO EXPECT WITH DRUG FACILITATED SEXUAL ASSAULT As advocates we often interact with rape victims/survivors that have fallen prey to drug-facilitated sexual assault. This workshop will explore what to expect and not expect when dealing with these types of cases. It will include an interview with a victim who will tell her story and what helped her throughout her journey in the criminal justice system. Bob The Intern will speak about the origins and organizational plans for Club Drugs Anonymous, a new addiction support group patterns after Alcoholics Anonymous. Bob is pursuing a degree in psychology at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and has been clean and sober for nine years. Buck Reed, CEO of UniMed First Aid (www.unimed.org) in Australia, will provide a view from Down Under. His expertise is in medical services and psychostimulants plus drink spiking, Ecstasy, GHB, and the rave scene in Australia. UniMed a non-profit medical provider that covers most of the dance parties in Sydney. Reed also works as the Chief Medic of Home nightclub, the largest nightclub in Australia. He works closely with organizations such as the National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre to investigate and track trends in Australian party drug use. He is also involved in a number of research groups including the ACON (AIDS Council of NSW) GHB Working Party and the RADAR group (WHO sponsored party drug research group in Adelaide) and research Dr. David Caldicott, looking at models for providing acute emergency care in the field to party drug overdoses. Reed lectures for both the University of Sydney Medical Program and the Australian College of Ambulance Professionals on party drugs. PARTY DRUGS IN AUSTRALIA—A VIEW FROM DOWN UNDER The spot on the globe may change, but the party drugs are familiar. Australia has its share of dance clubs, rave culture and the associated drugs, GHB, MDMA, ketamine, etc. The approach is a bit different than in the USA—Australia employs “harm minimization” concepts---but both methods still involve overdoses, risk of death and drug facilitated sexual assault. This session will provide insight into the harm minimization approach and an international perspective on club drug abuse. Detective Greg Ferency, Terre Haute (Indiana) Police Department, began his law enforcement career in 1991. In 1996 he promoted to the rank of detective, assigned to the Vigo County Drug Task Force. Ferency worked as an undercover narcotics officer for three years. He then took over meth lab investigations in an attempt to keep up with the clandestine lab epidemic that hit his jurisdiction, with specialized | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||